A digital workplace is now largely standard. But the more technology, the greater the annoyance. The software manufacturer Nexthink has now presented the results of its latest report, "The Drivers of Digital Employee Experience (DEX)". The report examines the disruptions and problems employees face in the IT experience. It became clear that it is mostly IT and colleagues that cause frustrating interruptions in the workflow.

Digital workplace and human distractions

Ninety-three percent of more than 1,000 workers said technology in the workplace interferes with productivity in one way or another. The most commonly cited "technology problem" that disrupts productivity and focused work is "human distractions." This is the reason to get work done at home (according to 55 percent of respondents who said there is too little room for focused work), or to shut yourself off for focused work, such as turning off your phone or entering mock meetings (33 percent said they use this digital self-defense).

"What we've found over the years through our research and individual experience is that technology is often both the solution and the problem," said Yassine Zaied, Chief Strategy & Marketing Officer, Nexthink. "The question organizations should be asking is how IT teams can solve these common problems while balancing the needs of individual teams with the legitimate interests of the business. Technology is our greatest asset, but a true understanding of its weaknesses and potential is critical to ensuring positive digital experiences for employees."

Technology is not everything

The aforementioned report explored frustrations using a survey of more than 1,000 respondents, 20 individual interviews and 86 diary entries from a subset of employees documenting their issues with technology. The research also found that only half of the respondents felt that technology was a key enabler of greater efficiency. Of the disruptions cited, connectivity and application performance were the biggest technology obstacles, and these complaints were cited equally by home office and office-based employees. Even short disruptions (under five minutes and between five and 10 minutes) lead to high rates of employee frustration, according to the diary entries - an uphill battle for IT to gain the trust and appreciation of employees. When asked why employees are hesitant to contact the IT department with a problem, the four most common answers were:

• Fear of a lengthy support process
• Uncertainty whether the technical problem only affects them or whether it could also be a fault of their own
• Fear that the problem is too minor, despite the frustration it causes
• Assumption that the IT department can't help anyway.

Unsurprisingly, the report finds that the better technology supports their productivity, the happier employees were.

Previous studies have shown that 20 percent of employees would leave their jobs because of a poor IT experience. Since technology and how it is experienced are critical to productivity as well as overall employee satisfaction and return on investment, it is essential for IT departments to focus here, according to one finding of this study.

Source: Nexthink

A survey commissioned by Equinix, a global digital infrastructure company, has found that IT leaders worldwide are seriously concerned about retaining and hiring employees. According to the Equinix 2022 Global Tech Trends Survey, 62 % of IT decision-makers worldwide (54 % in Switzerland) see IT skills shortages as one of the biggest threats to their organizations. Organizations - including Equinix - are looking to expand the talent pool and attract a greater variety of candidates through alternative recruiting measures. The 2,900 respondents - including 100 from Switzerland - acknowledged that the speed at which the technology industry is changing is making it difficult for companies to find employees with the right skills to meet current and future challenges.

Many applicants with the wrong qualifications

The most common concerns were candidates applying for jobs with the wrong skills (44 % globally and in Switzerland) and the need to retain current talent (44 % globally and 47 % in Switzerland). Among these, IT professionals (27 % globally / 25 % in Switzerland), cloud computing specialists (26 % globally / 17 % in Switzerland), and AI and machine learning professionals (26 % globally and in Switzerland) are the most in-demand professionals. Other shortages are in data analytics (21 % globally / 17 % locally), data protection (21 % globally / 19 % locally), security software development (19 % globally / 9 % in Switzerland), and security analytics (18 % globally / 21 % locally). IT leaders expect the technical skills gaps to remain similar in the future, with AI and machine learning becoming even more prominent.

Keri Gilder, CEO Colt Technology Services, explains, "Finding the right skills is a real issue in the technology industry, especially in software. The reality is that with the softwarization of services, all industries are looking for the same skilled workers. One of the challenges is the lack of awareness among young talent about the opportunities that the technology sector offers. Connectivity providers don't come up in many use cases - even at the university level - although a lot is being done in areas such as undersea, satellite and fiber optics. We need to think about talent together and work as an industry to include all those waiting for an opportunity as well."

Using retraining to combat the shortage of skilled workers

In response to the shortage of skilled workers, many companies are making intensive efforts to retrain employees from other sectors. For example, 62 %s (39 %s locally) reported retraining employees from similar industries, while 34 %s (21 %s locally) are seeking to augment their workforce with employees from non-industry sectors. Given recent layoffs and furloughs that may prompt workers to seek opportunities to improve their skills or careers, technology companies that offer training and development opportunities may be better positioned to attract talent.

The most common sources of retrained workers are administration and business support (36 % globally / 21 % in Switzerland), finance and insurance (33 % globally / 25 % locally), and people returning to work after an absence (30 % globally / 13 % locally). These retrained workers can help companies fill gaps in the technical field by working as IT professionals (51 % global / 48 % local), in cloud computing (36 % global / 30 % local) and in data analytics (35 % global / 24 % local). Study contractor Equinix also offers a range of career transition or career change programs as part of its Career Pathways portfolio.

IT executives: "Investing in talent pays off"

Companies also try to attract new employees through higher education and training programs. IT executives around the world indicated that when working with higher education institutions, their companies primarily offer internships for students (42 % / 38 % in Switzerland), conduct joint training programs with higher education institutions (41 % globally / 25 % locally), participate in higher education career fairs (37 % / 24 % locally), and partner for training programs (34 % / 26 % locally).

Roger Semprini, Managing Director, Equinix, Switzerland: "Investing in people and talent always pays off, especially in uncertain times. Now, with economic uncertainties looming, the first instinct of some business leaders is to save on things that are not 'essential for survival', such as hiring new employees or investing in their professional development. From our perspective, this mentality is short-sighted. We invest heavily in talent." Brandi Galvin Morandi, Chief Legal and HR Officer at Equinix, said, "The survey shows that mismatched skills are hindering talent acquisition in technology-focused teams around the world. There is a general lack of understanding of the specific skills required for certain roles, and potential candidates need better guidance on education, preparation and employment opportunities. This challenge gives our industry an opportunity to recruit and develop talent in a different way, and it's something we've been working on for the past few years. We believe companies should promote a progressive talent development plan for tech positions that appeals to both inexperienced and trained candidates."

Source: Equinix

Swiss retailers are in the grip of a crisis: This is roughly how the results of a recent survey conducted by the Swiss Trade Association among its 33 member associations can be summarized. Indeed, global trade is being put to the test, according to a statement by the association: the Ukraine war, the Chinese Covid strategy, sanctions in the Russian economic area, the efforts of the USA to reduce its technological dependence on China, the planned further digitalization of the Chinese economy and society, and the construction of new energy infrastructures in Europe - all these developments are driving the transformation of global trade in parallel. Rudolf O. Schmid, President of Handel Schweiz since June 2022, emphasized at the media briefing of the umbrella organization of Swiss trade: "Switzerland and its traders are called upon to move and adapt in the changed trade structures. As a small country, Switzerland benefits from the great advantage of being only partially subject to the foreclosures." Current figures also show this. For the third quarter of 2022, exports increased by 1.3 percent overall. Thus, 4.9 percent more watches were exported. While a minus of 4.4 percent was recorded in exports to Europe, those to China rose by 19.3 percent. The forecasts also give Swiss retailers cause for hope. The ETH Zurich's economic research unit expects GDP to increase by 2.3 percent in 2022 and inflation to fall from mid-2023; this should be only 2 percent by the end of 2023. Kaspar Engeli, director of Handel Schweiz, explained the relatively stable situation in Swiss foreign trade despite the "state of emergency": "Crisis mode is to some extent the normal case for many companies active in global trade."

Survey of 33 trade member associations

The survey results show that in recent months, half of the trading sectors were able to increase foreign trade sales by up to 50 percent. Just under a third lamented a slump of up to 20 percent. The crises triggered by the Ukraine war, rising commodity prices and potential energy shortages impacted foreign trade to varying degrees, with 93 percent of trading sectors facing the effects of higher commodity prices. The Ukraine war and future energy shortages are each changing foreign trade in 77 percent of firms. Nearly one-third of traders are already saving energy or building alternative energy solutions. The three crisis areas are primarily causing additional work for trading companies and problems in the supply chains. Retailers are still countering this with larger warehouses, which further increases the need for liquidity in the already capital-intensive retail sector.

Multiple roles in global trade

The constant state of emergency forces traders to be agile. Hans Christian von der Crone also knows this. The owner and CEO of the 10-strong Nimex AG in Adliswil is a full-blooded trader with a global network. He explains the robustness of crisis-tested Swiss retailing also with the well-established structures: "There are a lot of owner-managed family businesses in retailing. They pass on their experience from generation to generation. Long-standing contacts with trading partners all over the world are a second success factor that helps to build resilience even in uncertain times. Nimex is constantly exchanging ideas globally. This is how we find new products and land real sales hits time and again. What remains the same is a certain caution. Swiss retailers can't trump with size abroad. But we're known for being able to empathize with each other's mentality and maintain a respectful approach." Nimex's core businesses include watches and jewelry and toys. In the two core businesses, Nimex is in contact with a total of more than 100 partners worldwide. The fashion watches as well as jewelry are produced in several places such as Thailand, Taiwan or China. Traditional toys such as cars, dolls and accessories, collectibles and plush make up around 70 percent of the toy range. Here, about 70 percent of the goods come from China. Nimex also manufactures products itself or has them manufactured; whether in Europe, such as in Portugal, or in the Far East. For example, the company has been launching Swiss Made watches with local producers for years. The Swiss Made watches are then sold 95 percent worldwide. Prices range from CHF 150 to 500. The owner of Nimex explains, "Our watches, if Swiss Made, stand for Swiss quality, but they are still 'mass-produced'. Very many people in numerous countries are proud to be able to afford them." In addition, Nimex holds licenses for merchandising products. One of the most prominent is the now 90-year-old Globi brand. Globi or, for example, the Disney princess doll are perennial favorites that have sold well for years. In view of the change in markets, scarce raw materials and the energy crisis, Nimex is planning even more ahead today. Orders are placed earlier. The geopolitical changes have not led to a drop in sales at Nimex. The higher transport costs, especially for the larger products such as trampolines, are having an impact. In the case of jewelry, the additional costs are insignificant. For example, with 10,000 stuffed animals in 20 containers, the additional costs can be absorbed with minimal to no price increases.

Headquarters in Hong Kong, production in China, European warehouse in the UK

One of Nimex's long-standing trading partners is Herald Holdings, based in Hong Kong. The company was founded in the mid-1950s by the family of current Chairman Robert Dorfman and a second family from Hong Kong-China. Dorfman was on the online media call from Hong Kong, He explained the interaction of the two families: "We bring Western management and marketing techniques, and they bring a great knowledge of China and the manufacturing base." Action figures such as Star Wars and Avengers are produced for its largest customer, U.S. toy maker Hasbro. While Herald started out producing in Hong Kong, in the 1980s it moved manufacturing to lower-cost China, first through subcontractors and later to its own factories. Although China has long since ceased to be the cheapest country, relocation to Indonesia, India or Vietnam is out of the question for Herald, as Robert Dorfman explained: "The proximity to Hong Kong, as well as the cultural and linguistic proximity, make it possible to operate factories in China reasonably well. An almost unlimited supply of labor, readily available land, and perhaps the best infrastructure of any manufacturing country in the world gives China a big advantage. Herald looked at relocating production, but decided to stay in China and automate the manufacturing process as much as possible." Trade with European partners is handled by a subsidiary in the United Kingdom, which also maintains a large warehouse. Nimex AG, for example, can have goods delivered at short notice.

Herald's challenges are similar to those of Swiss retailers: disrupted supply chains, rising costs for raw materials and the shortage of chips. Relief is evident in the shortage of electricity. In addition, Herald has expanded its stock of raw materials and goods, which is possible thanks to its healthy financial situation, despite the now longer payment terms. The Chairman of Herald Holdings notes, "The world is simply a mess right now; relationships are fragile everywhere. Even as the political clamor between countries grows louder, trade continues. Trade is a necessity." Sustainability is important to the group. It relies on recyclable raw materials, whether plastic or metal. A lot of work has gone into environmentally friendly packaging. Robert Dorfman emphasizes, "We are a responsible manufacturer and ensure fair working conditions in terms of ventilation, accommodations and food, for example. If we weren't that kind of company, we simply couldn't be in business anymore."

80 percent of new customers are not familiar with free trade agreements

At Nord-Transport AG in Arlesheim, 35 employees take care of transports within Europe and overseas, as well as customs and logistics. Up to 25,000 orders are processed each year. These include toys, sporting goods such as trampolines or scooters, but also stones, marble for bank buildings, wooden boards for tables - the whole spectrum of commercial goods. Nord-Transport AG has been working with Nimex AG for almost 30 years. Pascal Felten is a member of the management of Nord-Transport and explains: "For me, Nimex is an example of a customer who plans for the medium and long term and works together with foresight."

Free trade agreements are an "absolute enabler" for trading companies, Pascal Felten knows from daily experience. For Nord-Transport, they are an administrative advantage, because customs processes are simplified. They are also a marketing tool. Pascal Felten: "Based on the Seco statistics, we see that up to CHF 400 million were still collected for customs duties on goods from countries with free trade agreements. This is partly due to the complicated and constantly changing regulations. Our specialists are specially trained and educated. Nevertheless, they need some time to familiarize themselves with the formal requirements of the free trade agreements. 80 percent of our new customers - mostly SMEs - are not familiar with the free trade agreements. This is where we can provide valuable support." For Nord-Transport, problems on the supply chains determine everyday life. Pascal Felten gives examples: "Delays are caused by service disruptions in shipping line services. By June this year, only one out of ten ships had arrived on time; the remaining 90 percent were delayed by at least three days. Another problem is high ocean freight rates, which at times had increased tenfold." When it comes to diesel or other oil-based inputs, the energy crisis directly affects Nord-Transport. Whenever possible, the company relies on renewable energies as well as long-term cooperations with subcontractors and does not just look for the cheapest price. Pascal Felten: "Wherever possible, we work with partners who also use alternative fuels or electric drives and hydrogen drives. On the shipping company side, we prefer partners who operate their fleet sustainably and plan for the future."

Global trade in medical technology

This year, Jil Bachmann was the best apprentice at 7S Medical International to complete a shortened apprenticeship in the commercial trade sector. She decided on the apprenticeship after completing her bachelor's degree in political science and geography, because she wanted to get to grips with foreign trade not only in theory, but also in practice. 7S Medical International is a subcontractor of the Stöckli Group. and a medical technology company specializing in orthopedics. Implants such as plates, screws, nails and bone replacement products are traded worldwide. These are used together with the appropriate instrument set in the treatment of fractures. A typical product is Heracles - a femoral neck nail produced by the supplier exclusively for 7S. Femoral neck fractures are among the most common indications worldwide. The products distributed by 7S are manufactured in China and Portugal, among other countries. From the manufacturer's site, they arrive at the central warehouse in Belgium. Orders from suppliers and deliveries to customers are coordinated from Oberkirch in Switzerland. Jil Bachmann explains why the warehouse is located in Belgium: "One of the reasons is that far fewer medical products are patented in Belgium than in other EU countries. From Belgium, we deliver our products to Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Malaysia, Panama and even Saudi Arabia, for example." In recent years, faltering or collapsed supply chains have been a recurring concern for 7S. For example, power shortages at production facilities in China disrupted entire operations. Customers had little to no understanding for delivery delays. After all, the hospitals had planned operations and were dependent on the corresponding products. In recent months, there have also been price increases, which will be passed on to customers from 2023. 7S sought direct talks with all distributors and was able to reach an agreement.

Production in Switzerland, export to China

18-year-old Thomas Stjelja was also one of this year's best apprentices to complete his commercial apprenticeship. His employer is the SFS Group in Heerbrugg, a leading global supplier of precision molded parts, mechanical fastening systems, quality tools and logistics systems. The products often invisibly perform mission-critical functions in technical devices such as cars, smartphones and aircraft. During his apprenticeship, the budding business economist also gained an insight into foreign trade. In export, for example, he personally experienced what interrupted supply chains mean in everyday life. He explains, "We export around 70 percent to European countries from our Swiss production sites. To China, for example, we supply the world's smallest thread-forming miniature screws for hearing aids with a diameter of 0.5 mm. During the Covid pandemic, due to the closed port in Shanghai and various lockdowns in China, our screws did not arrive on time and could not be delivered. Production was severely delayed at the Chinese producer, resulting in late deliveries to end users. At times, the machines were at a standstill; this at several customers."

Source: Trade Switzerland

Have you also considered investing your money in an alternative way? If yes, then "Splint Invest" would probably be an issue. "Splint Invest" is an app that allows anyone and everyone to invest in luxury items or collectibles, such as watches, exclusive wines or limited edition whiskey bottles. The minimum investment is 50 francs, and the investment period is three to twelve years. If a customer sells an object profitably, the founders also profit from it, who earn low salaries from it. The three founders of the company Mario von Bergen, Robin Muster and Aurelio Perucca from Zug see in their app an alternative to conventional investments, where currently the returns are rather small. Alternative investments in things that retain their value, such as exclusive luxury goods, should no longer be the exclusive preserve of the rich, according to the idea. Yields of 10 to 12 percent should be possible. With a capital requirement of 200,000 francs against 2 percent company shares, the three entered the race. Then followed, as usual, the critical questions from the lionesses and lions, for example about the management and storage of these assets. And the number of customers and assets naturally also interested the potential investors. The only thing was: the app had only been live for six months when the show was recorded, but at least there had already been 4000 downloads. About 250 users have invested a total of 250,000 francs, and in the subsequent quarter the invested assets are expected to grow to 2 million, according to forecasts. Even though Mario, Robin and Aurelio had comprehensible answers to all questions, the lions remained reserved. Roland Brack was the first to drop out. Lukas Speiser found the idea exciting, but Anja Graf would set up the business model differently: Better to buy the luxury goods herself. She then dropped out of the bidding race. Lukas Speiser, Jürg Schwarzenbach and Patrick Mollet discussed the matter in threes, but found the valuation of 10 million too high. However, they agreed to a "kick-start" of 500,000 Swiss francs against 7.5 percent. This was immediately followed by a counter-offer from the company's founders: 500,000 against 6 percent. Lukas Speiser, however, insisted on the 7.5 percent. After a short hesitation, Mario, Robin and Aurelio joined in after all. Once again, it became clear that interesting financial investment solutions are well received in the lion's den. Roland Brack is known to have invested in several such financial startups, including "Findependent" from last season. This was also briefly reported on in the current broadcast, including the fact that Lukas Speiser was also subsequently appointed to the board of directors.

Vegan chocolate as too heavy food for investments

CAROPHA - chocolate that is not chocolate. With this, Philipp Kern, Rebecca Reichertz and Nora Zejnullahu-Maliqi from Rorschach (SG) went into the lions' den. The product they presented does look like chocolate and tastes the same - to the amazement of the lions; "fascinating," said Tobias Reichmuth, for example. A bar of Caropha is made from the fruit of the carob tree and is vegan. It contains neither allergens nor caffeine, theobromine, granulated sugar or cholesterol. For 40 years, the recipe had been stored in the drawer of Philipp Kern, a trained baker-confectioner, as he recounted. Ten percent of company shares offered the three against an investment of the lionesses and lions - without naming a sum at first. 400,000 francs was then still delivered as information. "That's a house number," Bettina Hein stated whimsically. Jürg Schwarzenbach then asked about the further plans. At present, they have a capacity of 300 bars per day, production costs 7.30 francs, and they are sold at a price of 11.50 francs in the online store, according to Philipp Kern. With the investment of 400,000 francs, they want to afford a production plant for an output of 800,000 bars per year. Tobias Reichmuth raised the question of whether it would not be possible to work with existing chocolatiers with Caropha. According to Philipp Kern, they were indeed interested. But Tobias Reichmuth probed a little further and wanted to know how the high company valuation of 4 million could be justified. Bettina Hein, in particular, was not convinced by the answer: too high for what had already been achieved and too strongly based on forecasts. She therefore decided not to invest. Jürg Schwarzenbach also dropped out because he felt that the company had not progressed far enough. Roland Brack's problem was his lack of knowledge of the food industry, so he also dropped out. Lukas Speiser would like to buy the product, but also found the company valuation too high. That left Tobias Reichmuth, who is always interested in sustainable products. He was not ready for an investment either, but offered to support the strategic development of the company. Once again, it became clear that a good product can win the hearts of the lionesses and lions, but if the company structure behind it is not (yet) quite right, positive feedback is then simply the only thing that remains as an "investment". In any case, Philipp Kern and his two comrades-in-arms were not disappointed by the verdict.

Product with good approaches, but still too little thought through to the end

VE COOK! - behind this name stand vegan cooking kits presented by Niklas Bubori and Adriana Bubori from Oberengstringen (ZH). What it's all about: to make vegan cooking easier, the start-up has developed these kits for various dishes, consisting of the right meat substitutes, suitable spices and step-by-step instructions for preparation. Without flavor enhancers, exclusively with natural ingredients. Would actually be quite in the sense of the avowed vegan Tobias Reichmuth, who - as he told - also likes to cook himself. He would have to invest 200,000 francs against 10 percent, at least that was the offer from the two young entrepreneurs. But first it was all about tasting, and the lionesses and lions were given a taste of Bolognese sauce (with soy granules) and "Chili sans Carne" (with pea and bean granules as a meat substitute). Everyone seemed to like it. However: various fresh ingredients had to be added extra for the dishes served. This was a circumstance that especially Lukas Speiser was a bit bothered about. But then, as always, it was also a matter of key figures: The product is available in stores at a price of 5.20 francs. It is produced in Germany, which immediately prompted Tobias Reichmuth to ask: Why is the much smaller Swiss market being targeted? Without waiting for the answer, Jürg Schwarzenbach gave his verdict: "That's not for me. Bettina Hein found the product exciting, but did not see herself as an investor either. Tobias Reichmuth's interest as an investor would only have been there if Ve Cook! would concentrate on the larger German market and therefore dropped out. Lukas Speiser considered the market potential to be too low and missed a clear USP. He also did not want to invest. Finally, Roland Brack offered his cooperation, but an investment was out of the question for him as well. Thus, the two young entrepreneurs also had to leave the studio without a deal.

Sympathetic idea finds favor

Storylino, represented by Jonas Trachsel and Stefan Christiani, offers personalized audio stories for children aged 3-9. After entering a few keywords, an individual story is then put together from pre-recorded story fragments - similar to what happens today with train station announcements. As their "biggest fan", they brought along seven-year-old Nevio for their pitch, who was immediately allowed to demonstrate how it works. The idea already seems to be popular with other children - but the company is still in its infancy. But the two young entrepreneurs are operating in a growth market: the market for audio stories is growing by 15 percent a year, they explained to the round of investors. And personalization is a megatrend. They are now looking for a mentor to help them build up the company. 1 franc for a 4 percent share, but coupled with a right of first refusal for a further 8 percent of the company for 120,000 francs - that was the innovative offer of the two entrepreneurs. In further remarks, Jonas and Christian revealed that they would like to focus primarily on the German market (identifiable by the storyline.de website alone), while also considering the Swiss market to be covered. Engaged are at present different authors, authors and speakers, who are honored in each case with a percentage per sold story. Shorter stories cost 6 euros, longer ones 8 euros. In two years, the founders want to achieve sales of 1.7 million. Jürg Schwarzenbach found the idea fascinating and was enthusiastic. Lukas Speiser was the first to offer this one franc for 4 percent and to contribute his marketing and branding know-how. Roland Brack also joined in, while Anja Graf and Patrick Mollet dropped out. Now we can look forward to seeing how Storylino continues to develop.

Too much headwind for wind-solar small power plants

The founder of NewGreenTec, Frido Stutz from Dübendorf, has developed small wind-solar power plants that can be placed on the roof or in the garden and produce at least half of the annual electricity needs of a household. The devices make no noise and have all the necessary technology (control, inverter, storage) integrated. Frido Stutz and his team wanted 300,000 Swiss francs in exchange for a 15 percent share in the company as a deal. Twelve products have been sold in the meantime, it was further learned. But the potential is great, because there are about 1.7 million roofs in Switzerland on which this device could be placed. The devices are available in two versions at 9000 or 15000 francs. About 3500 kW/h can be generated. Anja Graf thought this was not economical enough. And whether the devices could be set up without permission, she asked. That depends on the building authorities, so the answer of Frido Stutz. One moves there somewhat in a gray area. "What is not explicitly permitted is prohibited," countered Roland Brack. The unclear regulatory background also prompted Lukas Speiser not to become an investor. Anja Graf also saw too many uncertainties and dropped out. Roland Brack, although a proponent of sustainable technologies, also did not participate. Jürg Schwarzenbach also did not offer a deal. That left Patrick Mollet: but he too dropped out. So there was a bit of a headwind in the lions' den.

Once again heavy fare, but this time with a happy ending

Aathavan Chiwacumar and Sarankan Ravendran from Villmergen (AG) entered the race with Memoria, software solutions for the paperless office. 200,000 Swiss francs against a 2.5 percent stake in the company was the capital requirement. It turned out: The product is complex and offers a lot of functions. The presentation of the product was more confusing than clarifying. Only technology entrepreneur Bettina Hein understood what the two founders were actually offering. Three out of five investors did not push the right buttons. Even when asked repeatedly about subscription models, pricing and individual modules, the answers were not satisfactory enough, and the founders had to cope with rejections. Bettina Hein waited the longest with her verdict: As a person who has been doing business with software solutions all her life, she kept her perspective. She made an offer of 200,000 Swiss francs in exchange for a 10 percent stake. Aathavan Chiwacumar and Sarankan Ravendran accepted this offer. Software-as-a-Service is not a very simple matter, to put it plainly. That's probably why it was all the nicer for them to have found the right investor after all, who is now supporting them in making the solution even more marketable.

More information on upcoming shows: https://www.oneplus.ch/detail/1000604

With its partner ClimatePartner, the Rheintaler Wirtschaftsforum had all CO2 emissions calculated that were generated in connection with the event: From the arrival of the guests and the number of overnight stays to the event technology and energy to the food and drinks. Now Wifo is climate neutral. Already in the run-up to the event, care was taken to avoid emissions wherever possible. Thus, Wifo always pays attention to regional and seasonal products when choosing catering. In cooperation with RTB Rheintal, Wifo now offers a shuttle service to make travel by public transport even more attractive.

Sensible compensation

Offsetting CO2 emissions, in addition to avoiding and reducing them, is an important puzzle in holistic climate protection. Greenhouse gases such as CO2 are distributed evenly in the atmosphere, so the greenhouse gas concentration is roughly the same everywhere on earth. With regard to the global greenhouse gas concentration and the greenhouse effect, it is therefore irrelevant where emissions are caused or avoided. Emissions that cannot be avoided locally can be offset by climate protection projects elsewhere.

Project in the Amazon

The Rheintaler Wirtschaftsforum offsets its emissions, which are calculated at 9908 kilos of CO2, through a high-quality, internationally recognized project. Specifically, Wifo is investing in a climate protection project for forest conservation in Mataven in Colombia. The region is located in the area of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The project protects 1.15 million hectares of tropical rainforest and preserves its biodiversity. It also provides education, health care, sanitation, food security and other social services to 16,000 indigenous people. It works hand in hand with local communities.

More information at:  https://fpm.climatepartner.com/project/1402/de

Registrations for the 28th Rhine Valley Economic Forum on January 20, 2023 are online (www.wifo.ch) possible.

In order for COP27 to actually help achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, Greenpeace says Switzerland and the other rich countries urgently need to improve their largely inadequate climate strategies and take responsibility. They must commit to adequately finance the management of losses and damages caused by climate disasters, the environmental organization further demands. It also needs commitments to financially support low-income countries in adapting to the consequences of climate change and strengthening their resilience.

"Despite the climate extremes of the past months that brought death and destruction, despite recent findings that clearly show that dangerous tipping points are likely to be triggered from a global warming of 1.5°C, Switzerland persists in its largely inadequate position," says Georg Klingler, climate and energy expert at Greenpeace Switzerland.

Greenpeace pillories Switzerland

International analyses comparing the climate protection efforts of individual countries would clearly show the shortcomings of Swiss climate policy, Greenpeace writes in a media release. In particular, the following points are denounced:

• Switzerland has failed to meet its climate protection commitments for 2020 and is no better off for 2030: If all countries were to follow Switzerland's ambitions, the planet would heat up by up to 3°C compared to pre-industrial levels. This would put the future of humanity at risk.
• Instead of a 50 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, Switzerland would have to achieve at least 61 percent domestically compared to 1990 levels. This is without offsetting emission reductions achieved in other countries. Such reductions would have to be achieved in addition to the domestic target and, in total, would lead to Switzerland reducing more emissions by 2030 than it emitted in 1990.
• The regulation of financial flows remains a huge problem. Seven years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement, Switzerland would still lack binding requirements to reduce the global climate damage caused by the financial center and thus also by the Swiss National Bank. The Swiss financial center is currently fuelling global warming of 4°C, he said. According to the environmental organization, corrective action must be taken quickly, as the Swiss financial center is Switzerland's biggest climate protection lever.
• Switzerland's position on financing climate-friendly development and climate damage in countries that have contributed comparatively little to climate warming in the past also leaves much to be desired. Instead of providing new funds to solve the globally threatening problem and to alleviate suffering, funds from development cooperation would be reallocated and made to look good with private loans.

COP27 with low expectations

The environmental organization Greenpeace itself is present at the conference with an international delegation. Its representatives are committed to making progress with regard to climate justice and maintaining a maximum global warming of 1.5°C. According to Expert assessment the results of the COP27 are again likely to be modest. It seems that the agenda of many industrialized countries is currently dictated more by the Ukraine war than by a global climate crisis.

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With Andrej Massaro, Lancom Systems appoints an experienced sales professional who is excellently networked in the Swiss IT and security industry and has a deep knowledge of the market, according to a statement. With his appointment, the German network and security manufacturer is strengthening its presence in Switzerland in order to drive the growth course locally with targeted impulses and to successfully shape digitalization in business, administration and society together with its customers and partners. In his 30-year IT career, Andrej Massaro spent 13 years as country manager for Astaro/Sophos.

Uwe Neumeier, Managing Director of Lancom Systems, is quoted as follows on this appointment: "Switzerland is an important market for us with enormous potential. With his many years of experience in the network and security environment, we are gaining a colleague with diverse talents and experience in Andrej. His background fits perfectly with the offer we want to make to our customers and partners in Switzerland: Network and security from a single source - as a digitally sovereign, data protection-compliant and secure basis for digital transformation."

Lancom Systems GmbH was founded in 2002 and has its headquarters in Würselen near Aachen. Its customers include SMEs, public authorities, institutions and large corporations from all over the world. Since summer 2018, the company has been a wholly owned subsidiary of the Munich-based technology group Rohde & Schwarz. The company is a manufacturer of network and security solutions for business and government. Its portfolio includes hardware (WAN, LAN, WLAN, firewalls), virtual network components and cloud-based software-defined networking (SDN).

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Between October 11 and 18, 207 decision-makers in Swiss SMEs were surveyed on behalf of the B2B platform operator Visable about a possible upcoming "crisis winter". According to the responses, the current economic and geopolitical situation is clouding expectations for the coming winter among a large number of Swiss SMEs. 37 percent of the companies rate the risk of restrictions in business activity due to economic difficulties as high or rather high. In contrast, however, there are also hopes that the effects of the Ukraine war will not be so dramatic. 21 percent assess the risk of operational restrictions as rather low and 38 percent as low. "Swiss SMEs are looking forward to the coming winter with mixed feelings. The current challenges are taken seriously, but not overdramatized," says Peter F. Schmid, CEO of Visable.

Energy costs and raw material prices as the biggest problem areas

At 36 percent, rising energy costs pose the greatest risk for companies. Rising prices for raw materials and intermediate products are feared by 30 percent of SME decision-makers. Only slightly less weight is given to supply chain problems (28%). And closely followed by inflation is cited as a risk (26%). Corona is still a serious risk factor. As many as 23 percent of SMBs anticipate staff absences this winter due to illness and quarantine. Skilled labor shortages and a slump in demand were both cited by 22 percent of respondents. War sanctions (7%) and a lack of digitization (5%) were seen as the lowest risks.

Companies are not remaining idle in the face of the current challenges. When asked about the measures planned to get through a winter of crisis as well as possible, energy-saving measures are clearly in first place (29%). And interestingly, hiring new employees follows in second place with 18 percent. After all, 15 percent are considering suspending planned investments. And 11 percent mention staff reductions or wage cuts. Short-time work is hardly relevant (7%).

Shrinking profits and also threat of insolvency

It is already becoming apparent that the outbreak of the Ukraine war will have a negative impact on the annual profits of some companies. 22 percent of SMEs said that profits in 2022 will fall somewhat compared with the previous year. And 6 percent even expect profits to fall sharply. The outlook for next year is similar. One in five companies (19%) fear somewhat declining profits in 2023. Sharply declining profits are again cited by 6 percent of respondents. For some companies, the winter could threaten their existence. 15 percent of SMEs estimate the risk of insolvency this winter as high or rather high. In principle, however, the companies are robustly positioned. For 82 percent, the risk of insolvency is rather low or low.

Electricity price cap against crisis winter?

Asked about the measures they would like to see from policymakers in the coming winter, 23 percent of SME decision-makers are calling for an electricity price cap. And just as many would like to see nuclear power plants run for longer. With similar dominance is the call for tax cuts (22%) and financial aid programs (20%). A faster expansion of renewable energies is called for by 21 percent of respondents.

Source: Visible

The EDGE assessment measures the progress a company has made in terms of gender equality. The following aspects are examined: Gender representation, equal pay, the effectiveness of measures to promote equal careers, and the inclusive culture with regard to professional development opportunities. Compared to the second certification in 2020, Allianz Suisse improved in all of these topics. In addition, employee perceptions of equality also improved, according to the employee survey conducted by EDGE.

Progress on equal pay

For years, the insurance company has been conducting regular gender pay gap analyses and doing everything in its power to close the gap that still exists. The focus is consistently on fair gender pay for all new hires, function changes and during the pay round. The review with the external tool from EDGE also showed that Allianz Suisse is very far along. As a result, the company made the leap from the "EDGE Assess" level to the "EDGE Move" level, which recognizes progress in the area of equality.

Another milestone reached

Ruedi Kubat, CEO of Allianz Suisse, says: "The award is a milestone on our journey towards a working environment where equality and inclusion are lived every day. The EDGE certification shows that we have made significant progress. At the same time, it spurs us on to implement further measures in the area of Diversity & Inclusion strategy and to continuously improve."

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About EDGE Certification

EDGE certification includes four components: An analysis of statistical data, an employee survey, and a review of policies and regulations. In addition, a gender pay gap analysis is conducted. Certification is awarded at three levels: "EDGE Assess" ("Recognizing Commitment"), "EDGE Move" ("Showcasing Progress") and "EDGE Lead" ("Celebrating Success"). In Switzerland, 16 companies are EDGE-certified to date. Allianz Suisse is the only insurance company in Switzerland that is currently entitled to use the "EDGE Move" award.

More information: https://edge-cert.org/

COP26 was marked by a series of pledges to keep the global net-zero 2050 target within reach. COP27 is critical to ensuring that these pledges are updated and translated into credible action to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. With each passing year that pledges and actions fall short of what is needed, the gap widens and achieving the Paris goals becomes less likely. It is critical for investors that policymakers provide the right signals and incentives to enable capital allocation in line with the net zero target. COP27 must also reach agreement on who will pay for the losses and damages caused by the physical climate impacts that are rampant around the world today. These include droughts, heat waves and floods, which often tragically affect the most vulnerable developing countries.

Progress since COP26

Little progress has been made in implementing the pledges and promises made at COP26. Many of the pledges can only be described as "plans for plans:

• Developed countries have not sufficiently updated their 2030 pledges, nor have they increased climate finance for the Global South;
• There is still insufficient indication of how the commitments will be achieved or financed, and too much reliance on technologies that have not yet been developed;
• Carbon pricing remains a rarity, covering about 20 % of global emissions. Where they exist, they are often far too low to incentivize decarbonization;
• Climate action has been put on the back burner due to major global pressures - Ukraine war, cost of living crisis and recession.
• At the same time, unprecedented climate hazards have emerged around the world.

What does success at COP27 look like?

Four interconnected gaps that need to be addressed at COP27 stand out:

Closing the ambition gap: Nearly a year after Glasgow and countries' Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), warming is still only limited to 2.4°C, according to the Climate Action Tracker. With the exception of India and Australia, few countries have meaningfully updated their NDCs. Nothing less than NDCs reaching 1.8°C, preferably even less, would be needed to sufficiently narrow the ambition gap and be considered a success.

Closing the credibility gap: The credibility gap between pledges and binding actions does not incentivize business decarbonization and investment. Over 90 % of GDP is covered by net zero targets and 83 % of emissions, but the reality is very different:

• Emissions continue to increase, rising by 6 % in 2021;
• Deforestation in the Amazon reached record levels in 2022; and
• Fossil fuel subsidies total $420 billion, according to a 2021 UN report.

A multi-tiered global carbon pricing mechanism would be ideal to close the gap, but we doubt it can be agreed upon, especially when geopolitical tensions between the world's largest emitters are so great. A more realistic goal for COP27 would be detailed information on how the NDCs will realistically be achieved, accompanied by credible national measures.

Closing the equity gap: At the heart of the climate justice gap is the fact that those who have contributed least to global emissions, particularly in the Global South, are often the hardest hit by the impacts of climate change. Developed countries have promised climate finance of $100 billion per year to developing countries by 2020 - this pledge has not yet been met. Developed countries must take more responsibility and provide the necessary climate finance to close this gap at COP27, including:

• A binding commitment to climate finance, amounting to at least $100 billion starting in 2023
• A dedicated loss and damage financing facility to support the most vulnerable countries

Closing the Adjustment Gap: The loss and damage from climate impacts already being felt around the world underscores the need to focus funding on closing the adaptation gap to protect against the physical impacts of climate change. Even if global warming can be limited to below 2°C, it is too late to focus on mitigation alone. A binding commitment to increase adaptation funding would provide the necessary incentives to ensure that private finance also flows into adaptation projects.

How likely is it that these gaps will be closed?

Unfortunately, hopes are low. Few countries seem willing to increase their commitments, and international cooperation will be more difficult to arrange given the current global economic and political environment. So it will likely be another call to action, but probably a weak call with too few carrots and sticks to ensure a positive outcome. While there may be reluctance to officially acknowledge that an alignment to 1.5°C is now unachievable, post-conference commentary is likely to be dominated by the size of the gap between what is needed and what is being done. This will trigger a debate about the implications for climate commitments and the even greater importance of adaptation finance.

Author:
Eva Cairns is Head of Sustainability Insights & Climate Strategy at abrdn, a global investment firm with a focus on ESG issues. Jeremy Lawson is Chief Economist & Head of Research Institute at abrdn.

From the region to the global economy, from SMEs to major international banks: The speakers at the 26th Thurgau Economic Forum (WFT) covered the entire spectrum of economic activity in today's world. According to the German economist and former director of the Munich-based ifo Institute, Hans-Werner Sinn, the situation with varying degrees of inflation in Switzerland and other countries coupled with stagnation has one cause: "black swans". This is what he calls extreme events that no one expects.

Switzerland "comparatively splendid

Sinn spoke of a "completely extraordinary situation" in which the national economies find themselves today. It was caused by persistent supply bottlenecks caused by the Corona crisis, energy shortages and "government debt orgies. The Swiss economy is holding up "comparatively well," for example in comparison with Germany. In conversation with moderator Mona Vetsch, Hans-Werner Sinn showed quiet optimism: "You need a crisis to act."

Former banker Oswald Grübel, who headed both Credit Suisse and UBS, came to speak in particular about Credit Suisse, which has been rocked by crises. Switzerland needs two big banks to provide sufficient liquidity to the Swiss economy, he said. Grübel is cautiously positive about the future of Credit Suisse and advised, for once, to buy a CS share (which is cheaper at today's prices) instead of a bratwurst.

Remedy for the hair crisis

As a representative of a Thurgau SME, Sandra Banholzer, CEO of Kreuzlinger Rausch AG, explained how her company remains innovative even in times of crisis: with a lively corporate culture, agility, good communication and cheeky marketing. As an example of an upcoming innovation, she announced a new formula against hair crises, soaked in sparkling Thurgau apple extract.

HSG Honorary Professor Monika Bütler focused on the framework conditions that enable an SME to remain resilient and operate successfully even in times of crisis. Thanks to relatively good cooperation and division of tasks between the state and the private sector, she said, Switzerland managed to come through the crisis comparatively well in Corona times. "If Switzerland continues to manage," Bütler said, "to shape institutions in such a way that everyone retains their resilience and access to resources, we will make the transition to the new world."

Thurgauer of the year

For the first time, the Economic Forum included a discussion with the newly crowned Thurgauer of the Year - in cooperation with the Thurgauer Zeitung. This time, the satirist Thomas Götz, who holds up a mirror to the people of Thurgau year after year under the title "Ergötzliches", was awarded. Thomas Götz taught the WFT participants: "Thurgau is the canton of short distances - but sometimes also of long lines."

Also for the first time, the Thurgauer Kantonalbank was the main sponsor of the WFT. In his welcoming address, its CEO Thomas Koller, referring to Winston Churchill, named four elements for finding one's way out of crises: Knowledge, confidence, action and - enjoyment. With 330 participants, the Thurgau Economic Forum was sold out. The 27th Thurgau Economic Forum will take place on November 16, 2023.

More information: Economic Forum Thurgau

The fifth show of the fourth season of "Die Höhle der Löwen Schweiz" flickered across the 3+ channel on November 1, 2022. The first of the six startups that presented themselves to the investors initially sounded a bit like Japanese martial arts: "kiyo. In fact, this term is Japanese, but means "pure." Nando Nichele and Jeffrey Christen from Merlischachen (SZ) have developed toothpaste tablets under this name. The tablets are chewed, then the teeth are brushed as usual and rinsed with water. The advantage over conventional toothpaste is that no plastic packaging is needed, and the tablets are sold in refillable jars. The lionesses and lions liked the product, and the sales figures presented also sounded appealing. From this point of view, it should actually be realistic to invest the 150,000 Swiss francs demanded in exchange for 12 percent company shares. But the lions and the lioness present were bothered by the high sales price, which made the product not suitable for the masses. In the end, there was no deal.

Deal for prostheses, no deal for legal platform

The ETH spin-off "mac4u", represented by Lukas Schiller, Myriam Lingg and "Bionicman" Michel Fornasier, uses 3D printing to produce forearm prostheses with exchangeable parts. There are attachments for playing tennis, cycling, paddling, for the gym, etc. Interested parties can put together their desired prosthesis online in a configurator. A very sensible thing, as the lions also stated. The three company founders wanted 150,000 Swiss francs in exchange for a 4 percent share in the company. However, the market is not particularly large, even if there are around 20 million people worldwide who are dependent on forearm prostheses, and a few thousand more in Switzerland. Lukas Speiser and Jürg Schwarzenbach quickly dropped out. Anja Graf also did not want to make an offer. Roland Brack then offered 200,000 Swiss francs in exchange for a 6 percent stake, and Bettina Hein in turn made an offer of 150,000 Swiss francs in exchange for 5 percent. The young entrepreneurs had to withdraw for consultation and then wanted to bring the two offers down to a common denominator with a counter-offer: 300,000 francs against a 10 percent stake. Roland Brack and Bettina Hein accepted, and the deal was perfect.

150,000 Swiss francs against 2.5 percent company shares was what David Roegiers from Zurich wanted invested in his legal platform "Jurata". "Jurata" is an online platform that brings SMEs and private individuals together with lawyers. People seeking legal advice can describe their case online, and the platform then suggests suitable lawyers. In addition, "Jurata" offers legal products such as notices of termination, trademark registrations and the drafting of contracts at a fixed price. Sounds good in principle, but as it is in legal matters: The devil is in the details. And the lionesses and lions wanted to know a lot about that: Sales? Exact business model? Prospects? Internationalization? USP? Founder David Roegiers got very defensive and became visibly tangled up in his explanations. This was of course poison for the further course of events. It came as it had to: no lion or lioness wanted a deal.

Lions tough: Take it or leave it

"Sunday Seltzer" is a sparkling water with alcohol. American-born Norell Narum and Yves Heer from Zug launched it. Launched in 2020, the drink is made with the best Swiss ingredients. In five flavors and with four percent alcohol, it contains neither sugar nor sweetener and has half the calories of a beer. With "Sunday Seltzer," the two want to popularize a beverage trend that is already established in the U.S. in Switzerland as well. The market potential is huge; there is talk of a global market potential of 10 billion francs. But initially, 200,000 Swiss francs are to be invested in exchange for a 5 percent stake. An initial foundation has already been laid, as the Swiss start-up has already made the leap into the retail trade. Sunday Seltzer already has more than 100 customers. Sales of 160,000 Swiss francs were achieved in the first year of production. The lionesses and lions taste the drink and show great interest. Production costs of 1.05 Swiss francs at a retail price of 3.50 Swiss francs, steadily increasing sales figures seem to make the lionesses' and lions' mouths water even more. Tobias Reichmuth even finds the projected sales figures - 1.2 million in 2023 - rather conservative. Indeed, the ambitions of Norell and Yves are great: Not only Switzerland and Europe are to be conquered, but also America thanks to Swissness. Bettina Hein was correspondingly impressed. But because she is more interested in technology investments, she dropped out. Jürg Schwarzenbach also did not want to join, for him the ambitions seemed too much "at the upper end". Roland Brack, Tobias Reichmuth and Lukas Speiser talked it over, were somewhat bothered by the high valuation of 4 million francs, but were then jointly prepared for an offer of 300,000 francs against a 15 percent stake. The two young entrepreneurs withdrew for a brief consultation, and a calculator was also pulled out. Because they did not want a company valuation below 3 million. The result was a counteroffer of 300,000 francs against a 9 percent stake. But Lukas Speiser made it clear: Too low for him, because the company had not sufficiently proven that it could exploit its huge potential on its own. He therefore dropped out. Tobias Reichmuth and Roland Brack then followed this line of reasoning - take it or leave it, was their tough stance.

Another job platform? One of the lions says: "Yes"

"Let's match" was then the motto of Thomas Balli, Arlinda Ismaili and Alexandra Eicher from Zug with their personnel recruitment platform "mtchbx". This actively suggests jobs to job seekers that could be a good fit based on education and work experience. Because all the information about the person is already stored on the app, you can apply for a job with just one swipe. A "Tinder" for recruiting, then? With 250,000 Swiss francs against a 10 percent share in the company, "mtchbx" now competed to convince the lioness and the lions to invest. In response to their initial inquiries, the three company founders then revealed a few not inconsiderable key figures: An applicant pool of 40,000, 157 advertised positions, 10 to 15 matches per month - whereby a match does not yet mean employment. "Seems like an insanely small number to me," Tobias Reichmuth noted. And how to make the app better known still turned out to be a shortcoming. But the sales targets sounded ambitious: 45,000 Swiss francs at present, 350,000 should be reached by the end of 2022 with 1000 advertised jobs. In 2023, the target is 2500 jobs, and in two years, 5000, "conservatively calculated," said Thomas Balli. Then came the verdict of the investors: Bettina Hein as lioness quickly dropped out due to lack of internationality and scalability. Lukas Speiser found the solution interesting, but did not want to invest. Tobias Reichmuth put question marks behind the competitiveness and also dropped out. Jürg Schwarzenbach found the company valuation "too sporty" at the current time and refrained from investing. Roland Brack remained: he made an offer of 250,000 Swiss francs, but in exchange for a 15 percent stake. That "matched", the three accepted the offer.

Good product - but not yet fully developed

"Two in One" is the name of the sanitary product with which Emin Behramaj ventured into the lion's den. His solution for the quiet room includes toilet paper, wet wipes and disinfectant from a single dispenser. The developer wants to use the product in hospitals, doctors' offices, office buildings, schools and the hotel industry. There is a moving story behind it, because Emin Behramaj, now 53, was diagnosed with Wilson's disease, a metabolic disorder, a few years ago that required a liver transplant. During his long hospital stay, he had enough time to develop his idea, for whose marketing and further development he now needs a strategic partner. 150,000 Swiss francs against 20 percent company shares was his capital requirement. Tobias Reichmuth was impressed by the product, although Emin Behramaj has not yet been able to sell any of it, as development has only just been completed. But with the asking price of just under 70 Swiss francs with production costs of just over 15 Swiss francs, he triggered an appreciative "Hm" from the lion. Jürg Schwarzenbach was impressed that the inventor had used just 150,000 francs for the entire product development and also the filing of the patent. "Where there's a will, there's a way," Emin Behramaj cleared up further critical inquiries about standardization and scaling of the product. Tobias Reichmuth conceded that marketing is also likely to swallow up another large sum. Even though he found the product exciting, he dropped out of the bidding race. Anja Graf saw the need for such a product. For her, however, the problem lay in the design and practicality - "too many corners for cleaning" - and she therefore also did not want to invest. Jürg Schwarzenbach and Lukas Speiser also refrained. Roland Brack, on the other hand, thought the product was not yet fully developed, but offered to include the solution in the range after it had been optimized. Emin Behramaj will therefore have to fight a little longer - but he is sure to win sympathy.

More information on upcoming shows: https://www.oneplus.ch/detail/1000604