{"id":3445,"date":"2020-11-03T16:46:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T15:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.umweltperspektiven.ch\/?p=3445"},"modified":"2022-02-09T11:06:48","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T10:06:48","slug":"empa-moechte-umweltschaeden-mit-drohnen-kontrollieren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/fr\/sustainability\/2020-11-03\/empa-moechte-umweltschaeden-mit-drohnen-kontrollieren\/","title":{"rendered":"L'Empa veut contr\u00f4ler les dommages environnementaux avec des drones"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3447\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3447\" style=\"width: 608px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3447\" src=\"\/\/www.umweltperspektiven.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Empa-Pfeil_Stopper-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"608\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Empa-Pfeil_Stopper-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven.jpg 608w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Empa-Pfeil_Stopper-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Empa-Pfeil_Stopper-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-299x175.jpg 299w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Empa-Pfeil_Stopper-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-598x350.jpg 598w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Empa-Pfeil_Stopper-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3447\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les robots volants peuvent placer des fl\u00e8ches \u00e9quip\u00e9es de capteurs m\u00eame dans des for\u00eats denses. (Image : Imperial College London)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pour garder un \u0153il sur l'\u00e9quilibre \u00e9cologique de la for\u00eat, l'Empa propose une solution gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'utilisation de drones. Changement climatique, invasion d'insectes ou abroutissement du gibier - la for\u00eat est expos\u00e9e \u00e0 une multitude d'influences environnementales n\u00e9fastes qu'il convient d'observer. Aujourd'hui d\u00e9j\u00e0, les chercheurs de l'Empa ont d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 \u00e0 cet effet des capteurs dans les for\u00eats, qui mesurent les temp\u00e9ratures, la qualit\u00e9 de l'air ou le taux d'humidit\u00e9 des troncs.<\/p>\n<p>Ces capteurs permettent \u00e9galement de suivre le comportement des animaux forestiers, d'enregistrer les incendies de for\u00eat et les infestations d'insectes nuisibles, et d'identifier l'impact des activit\u00e9s humaines sur la for\u00eat. Toutefois, le positionnement de capteurs sur les arbres est une entreprise co\u00fbteuse et risqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"std-paragraph-block\">\n<p><strong>Des robots volants \u00e0 la Robin des Bois<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"std-art-paragraph\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"std-art-embedded-image\">\n<div class=\"std-art-img-caption-embedded\">Une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs de l'\"Imperial College London\" et de l'Empa a maintenant d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des drones capables de prendre en charge cette activit\u00e9 et de fixer avec pr\u00e9cision des capteurs sur les arbres, m\u00eame \u00e0 une grande hauteur. \"Les robots volants peuvent placer des fl\u00e8ches \u00e9quip\u00e9es de capteurs m\u00eame dans des for\u00eats denses\", explique Mirko Kovac, directeur de l'\"Aerial Robotics Laboratory\" \u00e0 l'Imperial College et du \"Materials and Technology Center of Robotics\" \u00e0 l'Empa \u00e0 D\u00fcbendorf. Si la trajectoire n'est pas adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 la fl\u00e8che, les drones peuvent en outre s'accrocher de mani\u00e8re autonome aux troncs et aux branches, comme un oiseau de proie, et placer directement les capteurs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3446\" src=\"\/\/www.umweltperspektiven.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Drohnen-grafik-Empa-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"435\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Drohnen-grafik-Empa-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven.jpg 435w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Drohnen-grafik-Empa-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Drohnen-grafik-Empa-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-146x175.jpg 146w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Drohnen-grafik-Empa-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-293x350.jpg 293w, https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Drohnen-grafik-Empa-UP_Umwelt-Perspektiven-300x359.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 435px) 100vw, 435px\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"std-paragraph-block\">\n<p><em>(Source : Empa)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Des mat\u00e9riaux intelligents sur la g\u00e2chette<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L'objectif des chercheurs est de mettre en place un r\u00e9seau de capteurs qui permettrait de mieux observer le fragile \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me forestier. \"Les drones offrent un avantage particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de r\u00e9gions difficiles d'acc\u00e8s, comme la r\u00e9gion amazonienne\", explique le chercheur. \"Les drones permettent d'obtenir de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cises sur les dommages environnementaux dans la for\u00eat\", explique Kovac. \"Je vois les drones comme des habitants artificiels de la for\u00eat, qui contr\u00f4lent l'habitat afin que nous puissions mieux le prot\u00e9ger sur la base des donn\u00e9es obtenues\".<\/p>\n<p>Pour leur service dans la for\u00eat, les drones sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s d'une cam\u00e9ra et d'un dispositif de lancement pour les fl\u00e8ches de d\u00e9tection. Gr\u00e2ce aux m\u00e9taux \u00e0 m\u00e9moire de forme - des mat\u00e9riaux \"intelligents\" qui r\u00e9agissent \u00e0 la chaleur et retrouvent leur structure initiale apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9form\u00e9s - le lancement des fl\u00e8ches peut \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9 avec pr\u00e9cision. De plus, les drones peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s comme capteurs mobiles et collecter eux-m\u00eames des donn\u00e9es lorsqu'ils se posent sur des branches. Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 pu tester les capacit\u00e9s des drones lors d'exp\u00e9riences de vol dans l'ar\u00e8ne de vol int\u00e9rieure du NEST experimental robot testing space de l'Empa \u00e0 D\u00fcbendorf et sur le terrain d'essai de l'Imperial College.<\/p>\n<p>Actuellement, ce sont des humains qui pilotent les drones. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'image de la cam\u00e9ra, les chercheurs choisissent les arbres appropri\u00e9s comme cible et tirent les fl\u00e8ches. La prochaine \u00e9tape consistera \u00e0 apprendre aux robots volants \u00e0 effectuer leur travail de mani\u00e8re autonome, afin qu'ils puissent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s dans les endroits les plus recul\u00e9s. Avant que de telles missions puissent avoir lieu dans la nature, le lien entre le contr\u00f4le humain et le travail autonome des robots doit toutefois \u00eatre solidement \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 afin que les drones puissent \u00e9galement faire face aux impond\u00e9rables d'un environnement vivant, expliquent les chercheurs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/www.empa.ch\/web\/s604\/Drohnen-im-Wald\">www.empa.ch\/web\/s604\/Drohnen-im-Wald<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Les travaux de recherche sont soutenus par le Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Offshore Robotics for Certification of Assets Hub (ORCA), EU's Horizon 2020 et l'Acad\u00e9mie britannique des sciences The Royal Society.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"std-art-paragraph\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Um das \u00f6kologische Gleichgewicht des Waldes im Auge zu behalten, bietet die Empa eine L\u00f6sung durch den Einsatz von Drohnen. Klimawandel, Insektenplage oder Wildverbiss \u2013 der Wald ist einer Vielzahl von sch\u00e4dlichen Umwelteinfl\u00fcssen ausgesetzt, die es zu beobachten gilt. Schon heute haben Forschende der Empa f\u00fcr diesen Zweck Sensoren in W\u00e4ldern stationiert, die Temperaturen, Luftqualit\u00e4t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Drohnen","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ein Forscherteam der Empa und des \u00abImperial College London\u00bb hat Drohnen entwickelt, die B\u00e4ume mit Sensoren ausr\u00fcsten, die Umweltsch\u00e4den erkennen.","articlekey":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[580],"tags":[1052,1269,1532,2024,2392],"class_list":["post-3445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sustainability","tag-empa","tag-geo-engineering","tag-klimawandel","tag-robotics","tag-umweltzerstoerung"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Empa m\u00f6chte Umweltsch\u00e4den mit Drohnen kontrollieren - 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