{"id":746,"date":"2017-02-21T09:32:14","date_gmt":"2017-02-21T08:32:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.umweltperspektiven.ch\/?p=746"},"modified":"2022-02-09T11:06:57","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T10:06:57","slug":"selenmangelgefahr-wegen-klimawandel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.organisator.ch\/fr\/sustainability\/2017-02-21\/selenmangelgefahr-wegen-klimawandel\/","title":{"rendered":"Risque de carence en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium en raison du changement climatique"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_748\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-748\" style=\"width: 680px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-748\" src=\"\/\/www.umweltperspektiven.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Selen_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"836\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-748\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L'oligo-\u00e9l\u00e9ment s\u00e9l\u00e9nium est absorb\u00e9 par les plantes dans le sol et entre ainsi dans la cha\u00eene alimentaire.<br \/>Photo : Agroscope (Gabriela Br\u00e4ndle, Urs Zihlmann), LANAT (Andreas Chervet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le s\u00e9l\u00e9nium est un oligo-\u00e9l\u00e9ment indispensable que nous absorbons via l'alimentation, par exemple via les c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. La teneur en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium des aliments d\u00e9pend fortement de la concentration en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium dans le sol. Des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que la concentration en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium est plus faible lorsque le pH et la disponibilit\u00e9 en oxyg\u00e8ne sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s et que la teneur en argile et en carbone organique du sol est faible. En Europe, les sols pauvres en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium se trouvent principalement en Allemagne, au Danemark, en \u00c9cosse, en Finlande et dans certains pays des Balkans. On le sait gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes limit\u00e9es \u00e0 certaines r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Les pr\u00e9cipitations sont essentielles<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En revanche, la r\u00e9partition globale du s\u00e9l\u00e9nium \u00e9tait jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent largement inconnue. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'exploitation de nombreuses donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es \u00e0 d'autres fins (data-mining), l'Eawag et cinq autres instituts, dont l'ETH Zurich, ont toutefois r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 reconstituer la r\u00e9partition globale. Les chercheurs ont rassembl\u00e9 les informations de 16 ensembles de donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es entre 1994 et 2016 et ont \u00e9valu\u00e9 un total de 33 241 \u00e9chantillons de sol. Ils ont analys\u00e9 les concentrations de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium dans les 30 premiers centim\u00e8tres de la couche de sol et 26 autres variables environnementales. Il s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9 que ce sont surtout les interactions entre le climat et le sol qui jouent un r\u00f4le dans la r\u00e9partition du s\u00e9l\u00e9nium.<\/p>\n<p>Les pr\u00e9cipitations ainsi que le rapport entre les pr\u00e9cipitations et l'\u00e9vaporation (indice de s\u00e9cheresse) ont la plus grande influence sur la concentration de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium dans le sol. En cas de pr\u00e9cipitations, les sols sont lessiv\u00e9s et il y a une perte de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium. Parall\u00e8lement, les pr\u00e9cipitations peuvent avoir un effet positif sur la teneur en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium. En effet, les sols humides ont une teneur en oxyg\u00e8ne et un pH plus faibles, de sorte que le s\u00e9l\u00e9nium charg\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement reste mieux li\u00e9 aux particules de sol. Les r\u00e9gions o\u00f9 les pr\u00e9cipitations sont faibles \u00e0 moyennes et o\u00f9 la teneur en argile est \u00e9lev\u00e9e sont les plus susceptibles d'avoir une teneur en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Les sols secs et basiques avec peu d'argile ont tendance \u00e0 contenir peu de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_747\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-747\" style=\"width: 680px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-747\" src=\"\/\/www.umweltperspektiven.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Selen-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"256\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-747\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pourcentage de changement dans les concentrations de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium dans les sols en raison du changement climatique.<br \/>graphique : Eawag<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sur la base de ces r\u00e9sultats, les chercheurs ont mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 la concentration moyenne de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium dans les sols pour les p\u00e9riodes 1980-1999 et 2080-2099. Dans certaines parties de l'Australie, de la Chine, de l'Inde et de l'Afrique, le changement climatique entra\u00eenera une augmentation de la teneur en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium. Mais dans l'ensemble, la teneur en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium des sols diminuera, concluent les chercheurs : Par rapport \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode 1980-1999, 66 % des surfaces agricoles pr\u00e9senteront d'ici la fin du si\u00e8cle (2080-2099) une perte moyenne de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium d'environ 9 %. Les terres arables d'Europe et d'Inde, la Chine, le sud de l'Am\u00e9rique du Sud, l'Afrique du Sud et le sud-ouest des \u00c9tats-Unis sont les plus touch\u00e9es (voir carte).<\/p>\n<p>Ces pertes peuvent \u00e9galement avoir des cons\u00e9quences sur notre sant\u00e9. En effet, jusqu'\u00e0 un milliard de personnes sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 concern\u00e9es par un apport insuffisant en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium. Les auteurs consid\u00e8rent leur \u00e9tude comme un avertissement pr\u00e9coce pour les organisations humanitaires et l'industrie agricole. Pour lutter contre la carence en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium, on pourrait utiliser des engrais contenant du s\u00e9l\u00e9nium. La Finlande le fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 depuis 1984. En outre, le s\u00e9l\u00e9nium pourrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme additif pour l'alimentation animale.<\/p>\n<p><b>Importance du s\u00e9l\u00e9nium pour la sant\u00e9<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Le s\u00e9l\u00e9nium (Se) est essentiel pour la sant\u00e9 humaine et est absorb\u00e9 par l'alimentation. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son effet antioxydant, il capture les radicaux libres et joue ainsi un r\u00f4le important dans le syst\u00e8me immunitaire. De plus, il sert d'\u00e9l\u00e9ment constitutif \u00e0 de nombreuses prot\u00e9ines dans l'organisme. Aujourd'hui, jusqu'\u00e0 un milliard de personnes sont touch\u00e9es par une carence en s\u00e9l\u00e9nium. Celle-ci peut par exemple entra\u00eener une maladie du muscle cardiaque. Mais un exc\u00e8s de s\u00e9l\u00e9nium peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre nocif et entra\u00eener des vomissements, des l\u00e9sions du foie ou une alt\u00e9ration du go\u00fbt.<\/p>\n<p>texte : Eawag<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selen ist ein unverzichtbares Spurenelement, das wir \u00fcber die Nahrung, beispielsweise \u00fcber Getreide, aufnehmen. Der Selengehalt von Nahrungsmitteln h\u00e4ngt stark von der Selenkonzentration im Boden ab. Studien zeigten, dass die Selenkonzentration tiefer ist, wenn der pH-Wert und die Sauerstoffverf\u00fcgbarkeit hoch und der Anteil an Ton und organischem Kohlenstoff im Boden tief sind. In Europa finden [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Selen","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Der Klimawandel f\u00fchrt dazu, dass das Spurenelement Selen in B\u00f6den rar wird. Dadurch steigt in vielen Regionen das Risiko, an Selenmangel zu erkranken.","articlekey":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[580],"tags":[858,1011,2104,600],"class_list":["post-746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sustainability","tag-boden","tag-eawag","tag-selen","tag-wasser"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenmangelgefahr wegen Klimawandel - Organisator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Der Klimawandel f\u00fchrt dazu, dass das Spurenelement Selen in B\u00f6den rar wird. 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